Once formerly thought to be a rare disorder, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is becoming increasingly recognized. It is characterized by a pentad of clinical findings, including microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenic purpura, neurologic and renal abnormalities, and fever. Following a case report, the major clinical findings, pathophysiologic findings, diagnoses, and use of various therapeutic modalities are discussed.