Owing to the unique nature of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), AIDS infection presents a unique set of problems. This paper focuses on one local health department's response to AIDS. Ottawa County, Michigan, is largely rural and has a low seroprevalence of HIV infection. The Ottawa County Health Department has been charged with the responsibility for monitoring and controlling HIV infection and AIDS. The response of this health department is described as are some of the related problems particular to this community. The low seroprevalence rate is viewed not as a basis for complacency but rather as an opportunity to minimize the spread of this disease within the area.