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From the Department of Psychiatry (Lewis, Kass) and Department of Family Medicine (Klein) at Nova Southeastern University (NSU) College of Osteopathic Medicine and the Department of Pharmacy Practice at NSU College of Pharmacy (Klein) Nova Southeastern University in Fort Lauderdale, Fla.

Address correspondence to Frederick T. Lewis, DO, Deputy Director of Research, CNS Clinical Research Group, 8100 Royal Palm Blvd, Coral Springs, FL 33065-5733.E-mail: flewisdo{at}bellsouth.net

Because patients with major psychiatric illnesses increasingly are treated first— and sometimes exclusively—by primary care physicians, improved diagnostic skills and knowledge of treatment options are essential to improved patient outcomes and quality of life. This article reviews the incidence of bipolar disorder and burdens associated with misdiagnosis of the illness. It also emphasizes the evaluation and recognition of bipolar disorders to assist physicians in making accurate diagnoses, as well as reviewing the pharmacologic options used in treatment.