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DFrom the Department of Medicine, Section for Pulmonary, Allergy, and Immunology, (Quraishi, Davies, Craig), and the Department of Pediatrics (Craig) at Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine in Hershey; and the Department of Medicine, Division of Critical Care, Pulmonary, Allergic, Immunologic Diseases at Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia, Pa (Craig).

Address correspondence to Timothy J. Craig, DO, Professor of Medicine and Pediatrics, Chief, Allergy Clinic, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Ave, H-041, Hershey, PA 17033-0850. E-mail: tcraig{at}psu.edu

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is associated with decreased learning, performance and productivity at work and school, as well as a reduced quality of life. With a staggering annual economic impact between $6 billion and $8 billion, AR affects 20% of the adult population and up to 40% of children. Effective therapy for allergic rhinitis requires understanding the pathophysiology of the disease, as well as the role of various inflammatory mechanisms. As such, various classes of medication are at the physicians' disposal to treat patients with allergic rhinitis. Among these are second-generation antihistamines and anticholinergic agents, intranasal corticosteroids, and mast cell stabilizers. Recently, montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, has been added to the modes of therapy approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for allergic rhinitis. For patients refractive to standard pharmacologic intervention, immunotherapy has shown some promising results. As newer strategies emerge, treatment regimens for allergic rhinitis should continue to improve not only daytime symptoms, but also nighttime symptoms and sleep with the fewest possible adverse effects.

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